Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Marine lipids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been investigated for their potential role in supporting or treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The scientific rationale is based on the vital role of DHA in maintaining neuronal membrane fluidity and function, modulating inflammation, and possibly reducing amyloid-beta aggregation—one of the hallmarks of AD pathology. Epidemiological studies have shown that populations with higher dietary intake of fish or marine lipids tend to have a lower incidence of cognitive decline and AD. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that omega-3 supplementation may offer modest cognitive benefits, particularly in early or mild stages of cognitive impairment, but results are inconsistent. Meta-analyses have generally found no significant benefit in established AD, though some benefits may exist in slowing progression in mild cognitive impairment or as a preventative measure. The overall quality of evidence is mixed, with notable heterogeneity in study design, dosage, and duration. As such, while there is a scientific basis and ongoing research, current guidelines do not universally recommend marine lipids as a treatment for AD, but they may be considered as an adjunct to a healthy diet for at-risk populations. Therefore, the evidence supporting the use of marine lipids in AD is limited and rated as moderate to low (2 out of 5).

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