Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Caryophyllene, specifically β-caryophyllene (BCP), is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in various essential oils such as clove, black pepper, and cannabis. Recent scientific research has explored its potential neuroprotective effects, including the possible benefit in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Preclinical studies indicate that BCP acts as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), which is expressed in immune cells and has been implicated in neuroinflammation—a key factor in AD pathogenesis. Animal studies have demonstrated that BCP can reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and amyloid-beta accumulation, all of which are associated with AD pathology. For example, some rodent models of Alzheimer's-like conditions have shown improvements in cognitive deficits and decreased markers of inflammation after BCP administration.

However, it is important to note that the evidence is currently limited to preclinical (cell and animal) studies; there are no robust human clinical trials directly evaluating caryophyllene’s efficacy in preventing or treating Alzheimer's Disease. While the mechanism of action is plausible and the early results are promising, the evidence is not yet strong enough to support clinical use. Thus, the use of caryophyllene for Alzheimer's is supported by preliminary scientific investigation, but it remains investigational and is not an established therapy.

References:
- Cheng, Y. et al. (2014). β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple anti-Alzheimer’s disease benefits. PLoS ONE.
- Klauke, A. L. et al. (2014). The cannabinoid CB2 receptor-selective phytocannabinoid beta-caryophyllene exerts analgesic effects in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. European Neuropsychopharmacology.

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