Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Butyrate triglyceride, a form of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate esterified to glycerol, has garnered scientific interest as a potential therapeutic agent in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The rationale is based on butyrate's known roles in neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and epigenetic regulation. Preclinical studies—mostly in animal models—have shown that butyrate and its derivatives can enhance synaptic plasticity, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve cognitive performance. Mechanistically, butyrate acts as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which can upregulate gene expression involved in neuroprotection and memory formation. Additionally, butyrate has been shown to modulate microglial activation and reduce amyloid-beta accumulation, key pathological features of AD. However, direct evidence for the efficacy of butyrate triglyceride in treating or supporting AD in humans is limited. Most data derive from butyrate or sodium butyrate, not specifically the triglyceride ester, and human clinical trials are scarce. Some researchers propose that triglyceride forms may improve oral bioavailability and provide sustained release, but this remains theoretical. No major clinical guidelines currently recommend butyrate triglyceride for AD, and the ingredient is not widely used in clinical practice for this indication. In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and promising preclinical data, the overall evidence—especially in humans—is still preliminary, justifying a moderate evidence rating.

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