Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) is an herb that has been studied for its potential in treating respiratory allergies, particularly allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have suggested that standardized butterbur extracts (notably those free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are toxic) can reduce symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy eyes. Some studies have found butterbur to be as effective as certain antihistamines, like cetirizine or fexofenadine, but with fewer sedative side effects.

The active compounds in butterbur, especially petasin and isopetasin, are believed to exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukotriene synthesis and modulating histamine release, mechanisms relevant to allergic responses. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (e.g., BMJ 2003; Cochrane 2007) have concluded that while butterbur appears promising and reasonably safe (when properly processed), larger and higher-quality studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety over longer periods.

In summary, butterbur’s use for respiratory allergies is supported by moderate scientific evidence, primarily from short-term clinical trials. However, safety concerns regarding unprocessed butterbur and the need for larger studies mean it is not universally recommended as a first-line therapy.

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