Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Botanicals have a long history of traditional use in the management of respiratory allergies. Various plants—including butterbur (Petasites hybridus), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), and elderflower (Sambucus nigra)—have been used in folk medicine to alleviate symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and congestion. Historical texts from Europe and Asia document the use of these and other botanicals for respiratory complaints, often as teas, tinctures, or topical preparations. The rationale for their use is typically based on observed anti-inflammatory or antihistamine-like effects in traditional practice rather than on detailed mechanistic understanding.

However, the degree of scientific validation for most botanicals used for allergies is limited and variable. While a few, such as butterbur, have some clinical studies suggesting efficacy—often attributed to petasin and isopetasin compounds that may inhibit leukotriene synthesis—many others lack robust clinical trials. Most evidence remains anecdotal or based on traditional knowledge. Safety considerations are also important, as some botanicals may contain compounds (e.g., pyrrolizidine alkaloids in butterbur) that are potentially toxic unless appropriately processed. Overall, botanicals continue to be used for respiratory allergies primarily on the basis of traditional use, with scientific evidence ranging from weak to moderate depending on the specific plant.

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