Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Bifidobacterium species are among the most studied probiotics for their potential role in modulating immune responses and supporting the management of food allergies. Several clinical and preclinical studies have explored the effects of Bifidobacterium strains (such as B. longum, B. breve, and B. infantis) on allergic conditions, including food allergies in children and adults. The proposed mechanisms involve the enhancement of gut barrier function, modulation of the gut microbiota, and regulation of immune responses, particularly by promoting regulatory T cells and shifting the immune balance away from allergic (Th2) responses. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that certain Bifidobacterium strains, sometimes in combination with other probiotics, may reduce the incidence or severity of allergic symptoms in infants at high risk for atopic diseases, including food allergies. For example, supplementation in early life has been associated with a reduction in eczema and IgE-mediated allergies in some studies. However, results are inconsistent, with some RCTs showing little or no benefit. Meta-analyses indicate a modest effect, but highlight variability in strains, dosages, study populations, and allergy definitions. Overall, there is scientific rationale and preliminary clinical evidence supporting the use of Bifidobacterium species to modulate immune responses relevant to food allergies, but evidence quality is moderate (hence a rating of 2), and more rigorous, large-scale studies are needed to confirm efficacy and determine optimal probiotic regimens.

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