Squalene is a natural organic compound found in a variety of plant and animal sources, including olive oil, shark liver oil, and certain grains. Its use in the context of aging and age-prevention is primarily based on its role as a natural antioxidant and emollient in cosmetic and dietary formulations. Scientifically, squalene has demonstrated antioxidant properties, which help neutralize free radicals that contribute to cellular aging and oxidative stress. Some laboratory and animal studies suggest that squalene may protect against UV-induced skin damage and support skin barrier function, which are relevant to the external signs of aging such as wrinkles and dryness.

However, clinical evidence in humans is limited. While squalene is generally recognized as safe and is widely used in skincare products, there are only a few small human studies that directly assess its efficacy in preventing or reversing age-related changes, and these studies often use squalene as part of a mixture of other compounds. The most robust support comes from its antioxidant action, but clear evidence for significant anti-aging effects in humans is lacking. Therefore, while squalene’s use in anti-aging is supported by some scientific rationale and preclinical research, the overall quality and quantity of clinical evidence is low, justifying a moderate evidence rating.