Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Carotenoids are a class of pigments naturally found in plants, and include compounds such as beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin. Their use in aging prevention is primarily supported by scientific research focused on their antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress, driven by free radicals, is a key contributor to cellular aging and age-related diseases. Carotenoids can neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative damage to cells, lipids, and DNA. Epidemiological studies have found that higher dietary intake or blood levels of carotenoids are associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases linked to aging, such as cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Randomized controlled trials have shown some benefit, particularly for eye health (e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin in AMD), though evidence for overall aging prevention is less robust. While carotenoids are not a panacea and do not halt aging, their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects provide biological plausibility for a role in supporting healthy aging. However, supplementation with high doses (especially beta-carotene in smokers) may have adverse effects. As such, the evidence for carotenoids in general aging prevention is moderate (rated 3 out of 5), with stronger support for specific conditions like eye health.

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