Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine, found in high concentrations in muscle and brain tissues. Its interest in aging prevention is rooted in its biochemical properties, particularly its antioxidant, anti-glycation, and metal-chelating activities. Laboratory studies have shown that carnosine can protect cells from oxidative stress and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are implicated in cellular aging and age-related diseases. In vitro and animal studies suggest that carnosine may extend cellular lifespan and improve markers of tissue health during aging.

However, clinical evidence in humans is limited. A few small clinical trials have reported potential benefits of carnosine supplementation on cognitive function, glucose metabolism, and markers of oxidative stress in elderly populations, but these studies are often preliminary, with small sample sizes and short durations. Systematic reviews highlight the need for larger, well-designed trials to confirm efficacy and safety.

Overall, while the scientific rationale for carnosine in aging prevention is supported by preclinical evidence and a plausible mechanism of action, robust clinical validation in humans is currently lacking. Thus, the evidence supporting its use for aging prevention is rated as low to moderate.