Brussels sprouts are often promoted as beneficial for aging prevention due to their rich nutritional profile, particularly their high content of antioxidants, vitamins (such as vitamin C and K), fiber, and phytonutrients like glucosinolates. Scientific interest in Brussels sprouts and other cruciferous vegetables centers on their ability to combat oxidative stress—a process implicated in aging—through the neutralization of free radicals. Studies have shown that diets rich in cruciferous vegetables are associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases common in aging, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers.

Some research suggests that specific compounds in Brussels sprouts, like sulforaphane, may upregulate the body's natural detoxification systems and support cellular health. However, while these mechanisms are promising, direct clinical evidence linking Brussels sprout consumption to delayed aging or increased lifespan in humans is limited. Most available evidence comes from observational studies and preclinical research, which do not establish causality. Thus, while the biological rationale is strong and there is some supportive epidemiological evidence, the overall strength of evidence is moderate at best. In summary, Brussels sprouts can be considered a valuable part of a diet aimed at healthy aging, but they should not be seen as a stand-alone intervention for aging prevention.