Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, are widely used in dermatology and cosmetic formulations for the treatment of age spots (also known as solar lentigines or liver spots). Scientific evidence supports their use based on their ability to exfoliate the superficial layers of the skin, promote cell turnover, and facilitate the removal of pigmented, damaged keratinocytes. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that topical application of AHAs can lead to a visible reduction in hyperpigmented lesions, including age spots, over a period of weeks to months. Mechanistically, AHAs decrease corneocyte cohesion at the lower levels of the stratum corneum, accelerating the shedding of pigmented skin cells and leading to a more even skin tone.

Peer-reviewed research, including randomized controlled trials, has shown that concentrations of glycolic acid between 10-30% applied regularly can significantly lighten age spots and improve overall skin texture. AHAs are also frequently used as preparatory agents before more intensive dermatological procedures, such as laser therapy or chemical peels, for hyperpigmentation. While they are generally well-tolerated, potential side effects include irritation, dryness, and increased photosensitivity, so sun protection is strongly recommended during use. Overall, the use of AHAs for age spots is well-supported by scientific literature and is a common dermatological recommendation.

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