Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils, such as those from black pepper, cloves, and cannabis. Its use for supporting or treating addictions is primarily justified by scientific research, mostly from preclinical studies. Beta-caryophyllene acts as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), which is distinct from the psychoactive CB1 receptor. Activation of CB2 has been shown to modulate the brain's reward pathways and reduce drug-seeking behavior in animal models. For example, several rodent studies have found that beta-caryophyllene administration decreases self-administration and relapse-like behavior for substances such as cocaine, alcohol, and nicotine. The proposed mechanisms include anti-inflammatory effects, attenuation of dopamine release in the mesolimbic system, and modulation of stress responses, all of which are relevant to addiction pathology.

Despite promising preclinical results, there is a lack of robust clinical trials in humans. No large-scale human studies have confirmed efficacy or established safe dosing protocols for addiction treatment or support. Therefore, while the scientific rationale is sound and supported by animal research, the current level of evidence is still preliminary. As such, beta-caryophyllene’s use for addiction is experimental and should not replace established treatments. Further research, particularly human clinical trials, is needed to clarify its therapeutic potential and safety profile in this context.

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