Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in essential oils of various plants, notably in black pepper, cloves, and cannabis. Scientific interest in beta-caryophyllene’s role in addiction stems from its action as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2). Unlike CB1 receptors, primarily found in the brain and associated with psychoactive effects, CB2 receptors are mostly located in peripheral tissues and immune cells but are also expressed in the brain, particularly in regions implicated in addiction and reward.

Preclinical studies (mainly in rodents) provide evidence that beta-caryophyllene can modulate addictive behaviors. For example, research published in journals like Neuropsychopharmacology and Addiction Biology has shown that beta-caryophyllene administration reduced voluntary intake and relapse-like behavior for substances such as alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine. These effects are believed to be mediated through CB2 receptor activation, which influences dopamine pathways involved in reward and reinforcement.

However, human clinical evidence is currently lacking. Most available data come from animal studies, so while the findings are promising and justify further research, they do not yet support clinical recommendations. Beta-caryophyllene is not a traditional remedy for addiction, nor is it widely recognized in clinical practice for this purpose. In summary, the evidence for its use in treating addiction is scientific but preliminary, meriting a modest rating of 2/5.

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