Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phytocannabinoids, primarily extracted from the Cannabis sativa plant, have been investigated for their potential roles in managing symptoms associated with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The primary justification for their use in this context is scientific, though the evidence is limited and largely centered on symptom management rather than treating the underlying HIV infection. Clinical studies, particularly those involving dronabinol (a synthetic form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC), have demonstrated some effectiveness in stimulating appetite and reducing nausea in AIDS patients, especially those suffering from cachexia or the side effects of antiretroviral therapy. For example, randomized controlled trials published in the 1990s and 2000s showed improvements in appetite and weight gain, as well as reductions in nausea and vomiting compared to placebo. However, there is little to no evidence that phytocannabinoids impact HIV viral load, immune function, or disease progression. Most research focuses on alleviating secondary symptoms rather than directly treating the disease itself. The overall quality of evidence is moderate for symptom relief (particularly appetite stimulation), but low for other uses. There is also a lack of comprehensive long-term data regarding safety and efficacy in this population. Thus, phytocannabinoids are sometimes used as adjunct therapy in AIDS care for symptomatic relief, but they are not a primary or disease-modifying treatment.

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