Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Phenolics, a broad class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of phenol groups, are utilized in dermatology, including the management of acne, due to their antimicrobial, astringent, and keratolytic properties. Scientific evidence supports the topical use of certain phenolic compounds—such as resorcinol, salicylic acid, and hexylresorcinol—for acne treatment. These agents act by promoting exfoliation of the stratum corneum, reducing follicular plugging, and exerting antibacterial effects against Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), a key pathogen in acne pathogenesis.

Salicylic acid, a beta-hydroxy acid with phenolic structure, is widely validated by clinical trials and is an FDA-approved over-the-counter treatment for acne. It helps decrease comedones and has anti-inflammatory actions. Resorcinol is sometimes combined with sulfur in OTC acne products and has historical and some scientific support for efficacy, although less robust than salicylic acid. Other unspecified phenolics (such as phenol itself) have historical use but are less common due to toxicity concerns.

Overall, the evidence for “phenolics (unspecified)” is moderate (rated 3) due to the proven efficacy of certain members in this chemical class, though not all phenolics are appropriate or effective for acne. Safety and efficacy depend on the specific compound and formulation. Thus, while scientific justification exists for some phenolics, their use should be tailored to evidence-based agents within this group.

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