Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Phenolic acids, a class of plant-derived compounds including ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid, have received attention for their potential benefits in supporting the treatment of acne. The scientific rationale is based on several bioactivities: phenolic acids possess notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, all of which are relevant to the pathogenesis of acne. In vitro studies demonstrate that phenolic acids can inhibit the growth of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), the bacteria implicated in acne development. Furthermore, their anti-inflammatory effects may help reduce redness and swelling associated with acne lesions. Some phenolic acids, such as gallic acid, have been shown to decrease sebum production and suppress inflammatory cytokines in skin cells, further supporting a mechanistic basis for their use.

A limited number of small-scale clinical studies and topical formulations containing phenolic acids (often in combination with other polyphenols or plant extracts) have reported improvements in mild to moderate acne. However, robust, large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking, and the majority of current evidence comes from laboratory and animal models, or from studies of plant extracts rich in phenolic acids rather than isolated compounds. Overall, while the scientific rationale is promising and preliminary evidence exists, more research is needed to firmly establish the efficacy and optimal use of phenolic acids in acne management.

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