Niacinamide (also known as nicotinamide), a form of vitamin B3, is widely supported by scientific evidence for its role in managing acne. Several randomized controlled trials and clinical studies have demonstrated that topical niacinamide can significantly reduce acne lesions, inflammation, and sebum production. For example, a 4% topical niacinamide gel was found to be comparable in efficacy to 1% clindamycin gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, with the added benefit of a favorable safety profile and reduced risk of antibiotic resistance. Mechanistically, niacinamide exerts anti-inflammatory effects, enhances the skin barrier, and reduces excess oil production, all of which are beneficial in acne management.

Ascorbate refers to the salt form of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). While vitamin C is known for its antioxidant properties and potential to aid in post-acne hyperpigmentation and wound healing, direct evidence for ascorbate (or niacinamide ascorbate as a combination) in treating acne is limited. Most studies focus on niacinamide alone. However, both ingredients may be combined in formulations for their complementary benefits: niacinamide primarily for anti-acne effects and ascorbate for skin brightening and antioxidant protection.

In summary, there is strong scientific validation for the use of niacinamide in acne treatment (evidence rating: 4/5), while the evidence for ascorbate in this context is less robust. The combination is likely used to leverage both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but niacinamide is the key ingredient for acne support.