Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that has been used in dermatology for decades, particularly as a chemical exfoliant. Scientific evidence supports its use in acne management, primarily due to its keratolytic properties—meaning it helps to break down and shed the outer layer of skin, preventing the clogging of pores that can lead to comedones (blackheads and whiteheads). Several clinical studies have evaluated its efficacy: for example, a 2002 randomized controlled trial in the Journal of Dermatology found that topical lactic acid (as part of a 12% solution) improved both comedonal and inflammatory acne lesions, with a reduction in lesion counts and improvement in skin texture compared to baseline. Lactic acid also has mild antibacterial activity and can help reduce Propionibacterium acnes (now Cutibacterium acnes), the bacterium implicated in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, lactic acid is less irritating than some other AHAs, making it suitable for sensitive skin types commonly affected by acne. While lactic acid is not considered a frontline or standalone acne therapy, it is often included in combination products or professional chemical peels. Overall, the scientific evidence is moderate (not as strong as for ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or retinoids), but lactic acid's role as an adjunctive treatment for mild to moderate acne is reasonably well-established in dermatological literature.

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