Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Oxygen therapy, particularly in the form of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), is scientifically validated as an adjunctive treatment for specific types of abscesses, notably those that are deep-seated or complicated, such as brain abscesses or those associated with certain anaerobic infections. The rationale is that many abscess-forming bacteria, especially anaerobes like Clostridium species, thrive in low-oxygen environments. By increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues through HBOT, bacterial growth can be inhibited, and the body's immune response can be enhanced. Moreover, higher oxygen levels improve neutrophil function and promote wound healing. Multiple clinical guidelines and case studies support the use of HBOT in cases of refractory or severe abscesses, such as intracranial abscesses, necrotizing soft tissue infections, and certain chronic osteomyelitis cases. However, oxygen therapy is not a primary or standalone treatment and is always used alongside surgical drainage and antibiotics. Evidence from randomized controlled trials is limited due to the relative rarity of these complicated abscesses and ethical limitations, but the physiological basis and case series data provide strong support. Standard oxygen therapy (non-hyperbaric) is generally not used specifically to treat abscesses outside of these specialized indications. Therefore, the use of oxygen, particularly HBOT, in the management of certain abscesses is scientifically justified and evidence-based.

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