Trimethylglycine (TMG)
Synopsis of trimethylglycine (TMG)
Trimethylglycine (TMG), also known as betaine, is a naturally occurring compound that is derived from the amino acid glycine. It contains three methyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, hence the name "trimethyl." TMG is found in a variety of foods, particularly beets, spinach, wheat bran, and quinoa, and is known for its role in methylation, which is a vital biochemical process in the body. Methylation involves the transfer of a methyl group (CH₃) to DNA, proteins, and other molecules, influencing gene expression, protein function, and cellular metabolism.
TMG is often used as a methyl donor, meaning it contributes methyl groups to various biochemical pathways, including homocysteine metabolism. By converting homocysteine into methionine, TMG helps maintain healthy levels of this amino acid, which at elevated levels is linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attacks. As a result, TMG supplementation is often used to support heart health and reduce homocysteine levels.
Additionally, TMG has been shown to support liver function, particularly in fat metabolism, and is commonly used in supplements aimed at supporting fatty liver disease and liver detoxification. TMG also plays a role in muscle function, and there is some evidence to suggest that it can enhance athletic performance by increasing strength and endurance, likely due to its ability to support cellular hydration and reduce fatigue.
Historical Use in Medicine:
Trimethylglycine (TMG) was first isolated in the 19th century and was originally derived from beet juice, which was recognized for its mild laxative properties. It wasn't until much later that TMG's role as a methyl donor and its impact on homocysteine metabolism became better understood. The benefits of TMG were more fully explored in the 1990s, particularly regarding its cardiovascular health benefits, where it became known for its ability to lower homocysteine levels, a major risk factor for heart disease.
In traditional medicine, betaine (the natural form of TMG) was used as part of remedies for digestive health and liver support, although its role as a methyl donor wasn't fully appreciated. The use of beets, which are rich in betaine, in detoxification and liver-cleansing formulas has been common in both Western herbalism and Eastern medicine, due to their ability to support liver function and digestion.
TMG's role in homocysteine metabolism was highlighted in the late 20th century when researchers discovered that it could lower homocysteine levels by converting it into methionine. This breakthrough led to its growing use in heart health supplements, particularly for individuals with elevated homocysteine levels, which are linked to increased cardiovascular risk.
Today, TMG is used in supplements designed to support cardiovascular health, liver function, and muscle performance, as well as in formulations for cognitive health and detoxification. It is also popular in athletic performance supplements, where it is believed to help with endurance, strength, and hydration.
Trimethylglycine (TMG) is used for these health conditions
Cardiovascular Disease (Scientific)
Cholesterol (high) (Scientific)
Fatigue (Scientific)
Fatty Liver Disease (Scientific)
Triglycerides (high) (Scientific)
trimethylglycine (TMG) is used to support these body systems
Blood (Scientific)
Circulatory System (Scientific)
Digestive System (Scientific)
Heart (Scientific)
Hepatic System (Scientific)
Liver (Scientific)
