Biota Seed (Semen Platycladi / Bai Zi Ren): A Comprehensive Reference
1. Identity: Botanical Classification, Source, and Common Names
1.1 Botanical and Pharmaceutical Identity
Semen Platycladi is the dried mature seed kernel of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, which was first recognized as a potential therapeutic agent for health improvement due to its non-toxicity according to Shennong's Classic of the Materia Medica.
Platycladus orientalis L. [syn. Thuja orientalis, Biota orientalis] is a species within the Cupressaceae family, characterized as a monoecious and evergreen tree known for its medicinal attributes. Additional synonyms include Cupressus pendula Thunb., Platycladus stricta Spach, Thuja chengii Borderes & Gaussen, and Thuja orientalis. The genus name was changed first to Biota orientalis and later to Platycladus orientalis.
The seed bears several common designations in the herbal and medical literature:
- Common English names: Biota Seed; Arborvitae Seed.
- Chinese (pinyin): Bai Zi Ren (柏子仁)
- Pharmaceutical name: Semen Platycladi.
- Hindi name: Morpankhi.
1.2 Botanical Description and Geographic Origin
Platycladus orientalis (L.) is a monoecious, multipurpose, evergreen plant which has been used anciently for its medicinal importance and association with long life and vitality in China and India. It is widely distributed in Korea, China, and Iran.
The Chinese Arborvitae is an evergreen, coniferous tree native to Northwest China that is widely cultivated as an ornamental and has long been associated with long life and vitality (Platycladus orientalis (L.); syn. Biota orientalis). It is mainly produced in Hunan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces.
1.3 Plant Part Used and Preparation
It is collected in autumn when the seeds are ripe and dried in the shade after removal of its external husk. The seeds are often broken or crushed before use. The white-yellowish seeds are harvested in the autumn when they ripen. The outer seed covers are removed and the inner kernels are dried and then crushed for use as medicine.
Seed and leaves of Platycladus orientalis are used as a functional food material, which is approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA).
1.4 Commercial Forms and Preparations
Biota seed is commercially available in several forms, including:
- Crude dried seed kernels for decoction (water-based extraction in traditional practice)
- Pills and tablets (e.g., the classical multi-herb formula Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan, "Biota Form Pills," which contains Semen Platycladi as a primary ingredient)
- Alcoholic tinctures and liquid extracts
- Standardized powdered extracts in encapsulated form
- Some European and American countries have also begun to use Semen Platycladi as a dietary supplement, owing to its cardioprotective, anxiolytic, and prokinetic properties.
2. Traditional and Historical Use
2.1 Origin in Classical Chinese Medicine Literature
Platycladi Semen was recorded in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic and was considered a herbal medicine with low toxicity after long-term medication. This foundational Chinese pharmacopoeia (traditionally attributed to the legendary emperor Shennong, and likely compiled during the Han dynasty, ca. 1st–2nd century CE) established biota seed as a tonic of high grade. Platycladi Semen (PS, Bai Zi Ren in Chinese) is derived from the dried ripe seed of Platycladus orientalis, which has been used for the treatment of insomnia and constipation in China for over 2000 years.
2.2 TCM Classification and Properties
Categorized as a Shen (Spirit) Calming / Heart Nourishing herb, Bai Zi Ren is sweet in flavour and neutral in nature. It functions to calm the Shen, nourish the Heart, and moisten the intestines to help open the bowels. Its actions are understood to enter the Heart, Kidney, and Large Intestine channels.
Within the framework of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), biota seed is classified among the herbs that "calm the spirit" (an shen), specifically in the subcategory that nourishes the heart to anchor the spirit, as opposed to those that use heavy minerals to suppress it. Platycladus orientalis leaves (Cebaiye) have been used for thousands of years as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). According to the theory of TCM, they are categorized as a blood-cooling and hemostatic herb. In clinical practice, they were usually prescribed with heat-clearing herbs to reinforce the efficacy of hemostasis. While leaves and seeds share the same parent plant, in classical TCM practice the seed is assigned to the calming-spirit category whereas the leaves are used for hemostasis.
2.3 Historical Clinical Indications (Traditional)
Clinical indications documented in traditional literature include irritability, insomnia, forgetfulness, palpitations with anxiety and night terrors (nightmares) in children, constipation, and post-natal Yin or Blood deficiency.
As a Chinese traditional drug and food additive, Platycladus orientalis is mainly used in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, diarrhea, and chronic tracheitis. Traditionally used conditions also include acute vaginal bleeding, flu, bacillary dysentery, hypertension, insomnia, skin lightening, lymphoid tuberculosis, suppurative mastitis, whooping cough, and tinea mannum.
2.4 Geographic Spread of Traditional Use
The leaves and seed part of Platycladus orientalis are used as remedies in many Asian countries. In the Chinese system of herbal medicine, the plant is used as a cough remedy, expectorant, and hemostatic, and it is also used as a hypotensor, hemostatic, and expectorant in Korean folk medicine. Semen Platycladi is used and cultivated not only in China but also in East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea, as well as some Southeast Asian countries.
The plant has been used anciently for its medicinal importance and association with long life and vitality in China and India.
2.5 Traditional Preparations
The classical method of preparation for internal use as documented in TCM practice involves decoction of the crushed kernels in water. The seed kernel may also be processed as pills in combination formulas. One classical multi-herb formulation, Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan (Biota Seed Heart-Nourishing Pill), employs Semen Platycladi as a principal ingredient alongside herbs such as Codonopsis, Astragalus, and Rehmannia, for heart-nourishing and spirit-calming purposes. Multiple traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Platycladi Semen have been used to treat insomnia.
3. Phytochemistry: Key Constituents and Active Compounds
3.1 Fatty Oil and Fatty Acids
The primary constituents of Semen Platycladi include fatty oil, cedar camphor, sitosterol, and sesquiterpene compounds, along with a minor quantity of volatile oil, saponins, vitamins, and proteins. Notably, the predominant elements in the fatty oil of Semen Platycladi are fatty acids (FAs).
Saturated FAs including hexadecanoic acid and stearic acid along with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and eicosatetraenoic acid account for 87.51% of the total free FAs. Experimental evidence has shown that FAs, particularly UFAs, alleviate excessive cholesterol in the blood, enhance the permeability of cell membranes, and prevent and manage cardiac tissue disorders and atherosclerosis. Moreover, the efficacy of Semen Platycladi in treating cardiovascular disease largely depends upon the contents of FAs in it.
3.2 Diterpenes
Bioassay-guided fractionation has yielded 11 active constituents identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses: four labdane-type diterpenes and six isopimarane-type diterpenes, and one sesquiterpene. The specific constituents include pinusolide, 15-methoxypinusolidic acid, lambertianic acid, trans-communic acid, sandaracopimaric acid, isopimaric acid, sandaracopimara-dien-3β-ol, isopimara-7,15-dien-3β-ol, 8β,18-dihydroxysandaracopimar-15-ene, 15-isopimaren-3β,8β-diol, and α-cedrol.
Other reported diterpene compounds include labdane-type and pimarane-type diterpenes such as isopimaric acid, sandaracopimaric acid, pinusolide, and 15-methoxypinusolidic acid (15-MPA).
3.3 Flavonoids
Flavonoids present in Platycladus orientalis include quercetin, quercitrin, and amentoflavone. Other flavonoids identified include hinokiflavone, myricetin, carotene, xanthophylls, and ascorbic acid. Diterpenes and flavonoids are considered the major active constituents in P. orientalis.
3.4 Volatile Essential Oil and Saponins
Semen Platycladi is a highly valued seed tonic from the Cupressaceae Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, which contains abundant essential oils exhibiting antioxidant, antimicrobial, sedative, and hypnotic potency. It contains many cedrols, sitosterols, and terpenoids and a small amount of essential oil and saponins.
3.5 Comprehensive Metabolite Profile
Using a high-resolution UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS system, researchers analyzed 41 compounds with a signal peak area percentage greater than 1%. These included 17 terpenoids (37.13%), 10 unsaturated fatty acids (46.18%), three sterols (2.98%), two amino acids (4.54%), one flavonoid (2.29%), and others including organic alcohol, amide, and lignan.
Fourteen compounds have also been identified from the 50% methanolic extract of Platycladi Semen by database comparison, including seven fatty acids, one fatty amide, flavonoids, carboxylic acids, terpenoids, and oligosaccharides.
4. Pharmacology: Mechanisms of Action
4.1 Sedative and Sleep-Promoting Mechanisms
As two main bioactive constituents of Semen Platycladi, essential oil (SPO) and saponin (SPS) were given to p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia mice by intragastric administration. Behavior testing showed that SPO and SPS exhibited sleep-enhancing effects through suppressing depression, shortening the onset time while prolonging sleep duration in insomnia mice. Both SPO and SPS up-regulated serotonin (5-HT) receptors in serotonergic neurons, increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) content in GABAergic neurons, and stimulated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor expression.
Although both SPO and SPS exerted sleep-promoting effects, they had different focusing targets. SPS had a stronger effect on neurotransmitter receptor regulation while SPO had better hormone-rebalancing ability. SPO and SPS exerted sedative-hypnotic effects in insomnia mice through modulating multi-targets in the serotonergic and GABAergic system.
4.2 Anxiolytic Mechanisms
Through network pharmacology, 109 targets of the main components in Platycladi Semen were identified, with 'neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction' and 'lipid metabolism' enriched. Molecular docking results showed that the main components in Platycladi Semen could bind to key targets such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).
Through serum non-targeted metabolomics, 34 differential metabolites were identified, and lipid metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, steroidogenesis, alpha-linoleic acid, and linoleic acid metabolism were enriched.
4.3 Antidepressant Mechanisms
Animal experiments have shown that herbal preparations containing Platycladi Semen could alleviate depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice. This effect may be achieved by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAOs).
4.4 Neuroprotective Mechanisms (Alzheimer's Disease Models)
In a previous study, Platycladus orientalis seed extract (EPOS) significantly prolonged the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and protected the transgenic nematode CL4176 strain against Aβ toxicity. EPOS was verified to significantly improve spatial working memory and reduce Aβ42 plaque deposition and alter dendritic spine density of neurons in the hippocampus. Screening of isolated major fractions resulted in the identification of four compounds evaluated for anti-Aβ aggregation effects in HEK293-APPsw cells. Among these compounds, isocupressic acid showed the best anti-Aβ generation activity by modulating BACE1 activity via the GSK3β/NF-κB pathway in HEK293-APPsw cells.
Platycladi Semen extract has also been shown to enhance cognitive performance, modulate Aβ aggregation, and reduce glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation.
4.5 Cardiovascular Mechanisms
Experimental evidence has shown that fatty acids, particularly unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), alleviate excessive cholesterol in the blood, enhance the permeability of cell membranes, and prevent and manage cardiac tissue disorders and atherosclerosis. The cardioprotective effect of Semen Platycladi is thus understood to arise primarily from its rich unsaturated fatty acid profile.
5. Scientific Evidence by Area of Use
5.1 Sleep Disorders and Insomnia
Platycladi Semen, which is derived from the dried ripe seed of Platycladus orientalis, has been used for the treatment of insomnia and constipation in China for 2000 years.
Preclinical (animal) evidence: Semen Platycladi has been used for insomnia treatment for over two millennia in China, though its mechanism was not fully understood until recent investigation. A study explored the sleep-promoting mechanism of essential oil and saponins from SP. Behavior tests showed that essential oil (SPO) and saponin (SPS) exhibited sleep-enhancing effects through suppressing depression, shortening onset time while prolonging sleep duration in insomnia mice. Both SPO and SPS up-regulated serotonin (5-HT) receptors in serotonergic neurons, increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) content in GABAergic neurons, and stimulated GABA receptor expression.
Evidence strength: The mechanistic evidence for sleep promotion is based on animal (mouse) models only. The mechanism of the sleep-promoting activity is still not fully characterized. No controlled human clinical trials of biota seed alone for insomnia were identified in the peer-reviewed literature. The evidence must currently be characterized as preliminary and limited to preclinical models.
5.2 Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Modern clinical practitioners commonly use Platycladi Semen to treat anxiety disorders, but there are few studies on its composition and anxiolytic mechanisms.
Preclinical evidence: Both the aqueous extracts and fatty oil of Platycladi Semen have shown anxiolytic effects in CUMS mice. To clarify the material basis of Platycladi Semen in anti-anxiety, the main compositions, which included fatty acids, flavonoids, and oligosaccharides, were identified. This study indicated that Platycladi Semen has anxiolytic effects, and the anxiolytic mechanisms may be the regulation of lipid metabolism and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.
Evidence strength: Currently limited to animal (CUMS mouse model) and in-silico (network pharmacology, molecular docking) studies. No dedicated human clinical trials evaluating biota seed as a standalone anxiolytic agent were identified in the peer-reviewed literature at the time of writing.
5.3 Depression
Preclinical evidence: Animal experiments have shown that herbal preparations containing Platycladi Semen could alleviate depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice. This effect may be achieved by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAOs). A fraction of seed extract (S4) contained mainly unsaturated fatty acids, diterpenes, flavonoids, and amino acids, and demonstrated a potentially protective effect upon depression.
Evidence strength: Preclinical only; in vivo animal models and in vitro assays. Human clinical trial data for biota seed in depression are absent from the current peer-reviewed literature.
5.4 Neuroprotection and Alzheimer's Disease
Preclinical evidence: Platycladus orientalis seed extract (EPOS) significantly improved spatial working memory and reduced Aβ42 plaque deposition and altered dendritic spine density of neurons in the hippocampus in relevant experimental models. Treatment with EPOS increased the number of neuronal dendritic spines and improved the morphology of neuronal dendrites, indicating neuroprotection. EPOS reduced Aβ deposition, and results showed that EPOS improved cognition and reduced Aβ deposition, indicating it may be an effective treatment for AD.
Modern pharmacological studies have shown its beneficial effects on the human nervous system as well as its antioxidant potential.
Evidence strength: Based on C. elegans transgenic models, mouse models, and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines. No clinical human data are available. Preclinical results are mechanistically promising but cannot yet be extrapolated to humans.
5.5 Cardiovascular Health
Mechanistic / preclinical evidence: Owing to the cardioprotective, anxiolytic, and prokinetic properties of Semen Platycladi, it is frequently employed in clinical settings. However, direct human clinical trial data for Semen Platycladi as a standalone cardiovascular intervention are not identified in published peer-reviewed literature. The cardiovascular associations are inferred from the substantial unsaturated fatty acid content of the seed.
Evidence strength: The cardioprotective claim rests primarily on the well-established science of dietary unsaturated fatty acids combined with pharmacological inference; dedicated clinical cardiovascular trials of biota seed are absent from the indexed literature.
5.6 Gastrointestinal Function (Constipation)
Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Platycladi Semen improves sleep and sedation, benefits intelligence, and protects nerves. It is mainly used clinically to treat insomnia, menorrhagia, constipation, night sweats, and other diseases.
The traditional rationale for the laxative effect in TCM is the seed's high oil content, which is understood to moisten and lubricate the large intestine. It functions to calm the Shen, nourish the Heart, and moisten the intestines to help open the bowels. Biota seed appears in traditional formulas specifically for elderly and postpartum constipation associated with fluid or blood deficiency.
Evidence strength: The laxative property is reported consistently across TCM monographs and is mechanistically plausible given the high lipid content, but no controlled clinical trials specifically on biota seed for constipation were identified in the indexed peer-reviewed literature.
5.7 Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity
Through literature reports, the leaves of Platycladus orientalis show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, disinsection, anticancer, diuretic, hair growth-promoting, neuroprotective, and antifibrotic activities.
Previous studies on extracts of this plant have reported various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, hair growth-promoting, and neuroprotective activities. These data largely derive from leaf or whole-plant extracts; evidence specific to the seed kernel is more limited.
Evidence strength: In vitro and animal studies predominate. No human clinical trials on antimicrobial or antioxidant endpoints using biota seed specifically have been identified.
6. Body Systems and Health Areas Associated with Biota Seed
Based on the convergence of traditional use, phytochemical analysis, and preclinical pharmacology, biota seed is associated with the following body systems:
- Central Nervous System: Sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, neuroprotective (especially Aβ-related pathology).
- Cardiovascular System: Prevention and management of cardiac tissue disorders and atherosclerosis, primarily via its unsaturated fatty acid content.
- Gastrointestinal System: Prokinetic and lubricant laxative effects for constipation; moistening the intestines to help open the bowels.
- Reproductive System: Used clinically to treat menorrhagia.
- Immune / Antimicrobial: Broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity documented in vitro.
In TCM channel theory, Bai Zi Ren enters the Heart, Kidney, and Large Intestine channels; it is sweet in nature and neutral in temperature.
7. Dosage Forms and Dosages Reported in Sources
The following dosages are reported directly in referenced sources and represent traditional or research-context quantities, not personal recommendations:
- Decoction (traditional oral preparation): 10–20 g.
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia reference dose: The recommended dose of C. platycladi is 12 g, with an active dose of quercetin 12 mg (0.1%), which may or may not be the clinically effective dose.
- Combination formula pills (Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan): Semen Platycladi constitutes approximately 3% of the formula as standardized in prepared pill form, reflecting the multi-herb principle of classical formulation.
- Experimental animal studies: Essential oil (SPO) and saponin (SPS) fractions were administered to PCPA-induced insomnia mice by intragastric administration in studies evaluating sedative-hypnotic mechanisms. Specific mg/kg doses varied across individual studies and are not universally standardized for human extrapolation.
8. Safety Considerations
8.1 General Toxicological Profile
Platycladi Semen was recorded in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic and was considered a herbal medicine with low toxicity after long-term medication. This classification of low toxicity has been maintained through centuries of traditional use in China.
8.2 Traditional Contraindications
It should be used with caution in cases of diarrhoea or loose stool and patients presenting with Phlegm disorders. The high lipid content of the seed, which gives it its laxative properties, means that it is traditionally considered unsuitable for individuals already experiencing loose stools or diarrhea. In TCM, it is also considered unsuitable for patients with conditions attributed to excess phlegm-dampness.
8.3 Aflatoxin and Mycotoxin Contamination: A Documented Safety Concern
The most significant documented safety concern specific to Semen Platycladi is its susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination. Platycladi Semen is susceptible to fungal and aflatoxin contamination under proper humidity and temperature during storage.
In the process of harvesting, production and processing, storage, and transportation, Platycladi Semen is prone to mildew due to its own and environmental factors, which can produce toxic or pathogenic fungi, and even produce mycotoxins, which affects the safety of clinical medication. The 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia limits the highest standard of aflatoxin content in Platycladi Semen.
All four batches of Platycladi Semen in one study were contaminated by aflatoxins, with a positive detection rate of 100%. Moreover, the aflatoxin content in Platycladi Semen exceeded the legal standard limit, with an unqualified rate of 75%.
A total of 75 batches of traditional Chinese medicines were analyzed, and results showed that the positive detection rates of aflatoxins in Platycladi seeds were 77%.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content levels ranged from 1.22 μg/kg to 23.17 μg/kg and the total aflatoxins ranged from 1.22 μg/kg to 25.01 μg/kg in Platycladi Semen in surveyed samples. The Chinese Pharmacopeia has set the maximum acceptable level of 5 μg/kg for AFB1 and 10 μg/kg for the sum of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) in 24 herbal medicines.
Platycladi seeds have been found contaminated with AFB1 (52.0 µg/kg), and a subsequent analysis indicated that one Aspergillus flavus strain isolated from platycladi seed was able to synthesize AFB1 (102.0 µg/kg) and AFB2 (15.3 µg/kg).
During storage of Platycladi Semen, aflatoxin is easily produced because of its rich oil content. Aflatoxin contamination is a continuing threat to the quality and safety of Platycladi Semen, making it particularly important to address aflatoxin contamination during storage.
The 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulated that the storage conditions of Platycladi Semen must be cool and dry. However, storage more commonly occurs at room temperature. Results showed that the colony number of A. flavus was 366.67 cfu/g at room temperature and 144.44 cfu/g under cold storage, indicating that A. flavus grows more slowly on Platycladi Semen under low temperature.
Risk assessment using the margin of exposure and hazard quotient approach indicated that Platycladi Semen is particularly susceptible to aflatoxins and sterigmatocystin, which pose significant threats to human health.
8.4 Fungal Diversity in Commercial Samples
Platycladi Semen is prone to mildew due to its own and environmental factors, which can nourish the production of toxic or pathogenic fungi, and even produce mycotoxins, which affects the safety of clinical medication. The 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia limits the highest standard of aflatoxin content in Platycladi Semen. Aspergillus (27.88–97.28%), Xerochrysium (0–28.49%), and Xeromyces (0–22.24%) were the three predominant genera. Furthermore, differences in fungal composition between the aflatoxin-contaminated and aflatoxin-free groups, as well as between different provinces, were observed.
Research has reported the great diversity of fungi associated with Platycladi Semen, and has highlighted the risk to consumers of ingesting potent aflatoxin.
9. Summary of Evidence Quality
The scientific literature on biota seed (Semen Platycladi) spans traditional ethnopharmacological documentation, phytochemical characterization, and preclinical pharmacology. The phytochemical profile is well characterized. For its most prominent claimed uses — sedation and sleep promotion, anxiolysis, antidepressant activity, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular support — the mechanistic evidence is largely derived from in vitro cell models and rodent studies. Many studies have provided evidence for various traditional uses. However, there is a great need for additional studies to elucidate the mechanism of blood-cooling and hemostatic activity. The same gap applies to the seed: robust, randomized controlled clinical trials in humans evaluating biota seed as a standalone intervention are absent from the current indexed literature. Current evidence must be characterized as preliminary, preclinical, and mechanistically informative but not yet clinically validated.
References
- Quality evaluation of Semen Platycladi samples of different origins by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry — Analytical Methods (RSC Publishing), 2025
- Integration of non-targeted metabolomics with network pharmacology deciphers the anxiolytic mechanisms of Platycladi Semen extracts in CUMS mice — PubMed / Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2023
- Essential oil and saponin from Semen Platycladi exert sedative-hypnotic effect on ICR mice by regulating multi-targets of serotonergic and GABAergic system — Food Science and Human Wellness, 2025
- Modulation of the Aβ-Peptide-Aggregation Pathway by Active Compounds From Platycladus orientalis Seed Extract in Alzheimer's Disease Models — Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2020
- Assessment of the Microbiome and Potential Aflatoxin Associated With the Medicinal Herb Platycladus orientalis — Frontiers in Microbiology, PMC, 2020
- Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil From Zanthoxylum armatum DC. on Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins in Stored Platycladi Semen — Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021
- [Investigation and research on fungal diversity of Platycladi Semen on Chinese market] — PubMed, 2021
- Mycobiota and Mycotoxins in Traditional Medicinal Seeds from China — PMC, 2015
- Research Progress and Management Strategies for the Common Mycotoxin Contamination of Traditional Chinese Medicines — MDPI, 2025
- Platycladus orientalis seed extract as a potential triple reuptake MAO inhibitor rescues depression phenotype through restoring monoamine neurotransmitters — ScienceDirect / Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2022
- Comparative antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Semen Platycladi by different extraction methods — ScienceDirect / Industrial Crops and Products, 2020
- Platycladus orientalis leaves: a systemic review on botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology — PubMed / American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2014
- Plant Disease Control Efficacy of Platycladus orientalis and Its Antifungal Compounds — PMC / Plants, 2021
- Lambertianic Acid from Platycladus orientalis Inhibits Muscle Atrophy in Dexamethasone-Induced C2C12 Muscle Atrophy Cells — PMC, 2025
- Bai Zi Ren (Semen Platycladi) — Asante Academy of Chinese Medicine Encyclopedia
- Bai Zi Ren — Biota Seed — Semen Platycladi — Chinese Herbal Dictionary
- Fungal microbiome related to mycotoxin contamination in medicinal and edible seed Semen Persicae — PMC, 2023
- Gut microbiota: a new angle for traditional herbal medicine research — PMC / RSC Advances, 2019
- A Systematic Review on Platycladus orientalis — International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 2022
- A Review on: Platycladus orientalis Pharmacology — IRJMETS, 2023
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