Paeonia moutan, commonly known as tree peony root bark or "Moutan Cortex," is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for gynecological conditions, which relate to the uterus and reproductive system. In TCM, it is believed to "clear heat," "cool the blood," and "dispel blood stasis," properties considered helpful for menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), and other uterine disorders. Classical texts, such as the Shennong Bencao Jing and subsequent materia medica, document its use in various formulas aimed at supporting women's health, especially in cases of "blood stasis" or inflammation affecting the uterus.

Modern pharmacological studies have identified compounds such as paeonol in Paeonia moutan with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, rigorous clinical evidence specifically validating its efficacy for uterine health in humans is lacking. Most contemporary support comes from animal studies or in vitro experiments that suggest anti-inflammatory or antispasmodic effects, but these do not directly confirm benefits for uterine health in women. Thus, while there is a long-standing tradition of using Paeonia moutan for uterine support, high-quality scientific research confirming its direct effect on the uterus remains limited.