Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Shikonin is a naphthoquinone compound derived from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Kampo (Japanese herbal medicine). Its use for treating external ulcerations, such as skin ulcers and wounds, is primarily supported by a long history of traditional application rather than robust modern clinical trials. In TCM, shikonin-containing preparations (notably the ointment "Zicao" or "Shiunko" in Japanese) are frequently applied to promote wound healing, reduce inflammation, and aid tissue regeneration.

Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that shikonin possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. In vitro and animal studies indicate that shikonin can promote fibroblast proliferation, enhance granulation tissue formation, and inhibit bacterial growth, all of which are beneficial in treating ulcerations. However, despite these promising findings, high-quality human clinical trials are limited, and most evidence remains preclinical.

In summary, while there is a strong historical and traditional basis for the use of shikonin in treating external ulcerations, and some supportive mechanistic and animal data, the evidence from rigorous human studies is limited. Thus, its use is justified primarily by tradition, with moderate (but not definitive) supporting evidence from basic research.

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