Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 1

Pine (Pinus spp.) has a long history of traditional use in folk medicine for a variety of ailments, including external application for sprains and muscle aches. In some cultures, poultices or compresses made from pine needles, resin, or oil were applied to the skin over sprained areas with the belief that pine’s warming and purported anti-inflammatory properties could help reduce pain and swelling. However, while pine extracts do contain compounds like terpenes and phenolics with known biological activity, there is minimal scientific research specifically validating the topical use of pine for the treatment of sprains. Most available studies focus on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, or general anti-inflammatory effects of pine extracts in vitro or in animal models, rather than controlled human trials for musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, while traditional use exists and provides the rationale for pine’s application to sprains, the evidence base remains weak and is not corroborated by significant scientific studies. Caution should be used, as pine resin and oils can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.

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