Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that helps neutralize superoxide radicals, a type of reactive oxygen species implicated in inflammatory processes, including those seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The rationale for using SOD in RA is based on the observation that oxidative stress contributes to joint inflammation and tissue damage in this condition. Some scientific studies, particularly from the 1980s and 1990s, have evaluated the therapeutic potential of SOD, primarily in injectable forms derived from animal sources. Small clinical trials reported modest anti-inflammatory effects, reduced pain, and improved mobility in RA patients treated with SOD compared to placebo. However, these studies were generally limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and methodological weaknesses. More recent research on oral SOD preparations has not consistently demonstrated significant clinical benefits, partly due to poor absorption and stability of the enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews remain inconclusive, citing insufficient high-quality evidence. Major rheumatology guidelines do not currently recommend SOD as a standard therapy for RA. In summary, while there is some scientific basis for investigating SOD in RA, robust clinical evidence supporting its routine use is lacking, and its efficacy remains uncertain.

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