Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Anthraquinone derivatives, most notably found in plants such as senna (Senna alexandrina) and cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), are well-established stimulant laxatives. Their primary use is to support the rectum and lower gastrointestinal tract by promoting bowel movements in cases of constipation. The mechanism involves irritation of the intestinal mucosa, leading to increased peristalsis and decreased water absorption in the colon, resulting in softer stools and facilitated defecation.

There is robust scientific and clinical evidence supporting the use of anthraquinone-containing compounds as short-term treatments for constipation. Numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have evaluated senna and cascara, both of which act via their anthraquinone glycosides. Regulatory agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, recognize their efficacy but caution about potential side effects—such as abdominal cramping, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalances, and, with prolonged use, the risk of cathartic colon.

Importantly, while anthraquinone derivatives are effective for supporting rectal evacuation and relieving constipation, their use should generally be limited to acute or short-term indications due to potential adverse effects with chronic use. Thus, the use of anthraquinones to support the rectum is strongly validated by scientific evidence, primarily within the context of alleviating bowel obstruction or constipation.

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