Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Agnuside is one of the principal iridoid glycosides found in the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree), a botanical remedy traditionally used for various female reproductive complaints. In modern phytotherapy, Vitex agnus-castus is commonly employed for managing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), including PMS Type C, which is characterized by symptoms such as headaches, sugar cravings, and fatigue. The scientific rationale for its use is based on clinical studies and mechanistic insights suggesting that compounds in Vitex—including agnuside—can modulate pituitary function, especially by affecting prolactin secretion, which may help balance estrogen and progesterone levels. Several randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that Vitex agnus-castus extract can reduce the severity of overall PMS symptoms, though studies do not always specify effects on individual PMS subtypes. Agnuside is often considered one of the active constituents responsible for these effects due to its dopaminergic activity, which inhibits prolactin release. Lower prolactin levels are associated with reduced PMS symptoms, possibly including those seen in Type C. However, while the evidence supports the use of Vitex extracts standardized to agnuside for PMS, there is limited research directly focusing on agnuside alone or specifically on PMS Type C. The evidence is moderate overall (rated 3/5), supported by several clinical trials on the whole extract but not on isolated agnuside or PMS Type C exclusively.

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