High amylose polysaccharide, particularly in the form of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS), is a type of resistant starch that resists digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and ferments in the colon, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate. There is emerging scientific evidence that these SCFAs play a role in modulating immune function, including the activity of Peyer’s patches—specialized lymphoid tissues in the small intestine that are central to gut immune surveillance.

Several animal studies have shown that diets enriched with resistant starch can increase the levels of butyrate and other SCFAs, which in turn may influence the development and function of Peyer’s patches. For example, butyrate has been observed to support the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and to modulate the immune response by affecting the differentiation and activity of immune cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which includes Peyer’s patches. However, direct clinical evidence in humans specifically linking high amylose polysaccharide supplementation to enhanced Peyer’s patch function is limited and largely extrapolated from animal or in vitro studies.

In summary, while there is a plausible scientific rationale and some preclinical evidence supporting the role of high amylose polysaccharide in gut immune function via effects on Peyer’s patches, robust human clinical data are lacking. Thus, the evidence can be considered preliminary (score: 2/5).