Evidence supporting the use of: Cannabis
For the body system: Parasympathetic Nervous System

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cannabis has been scientifically investigated for its effects on the autonomic nervous system, particularly the parasympathetic branch, which is responsible for "rest and digest" functions such as lowering heart rate, promoting digestion, and facilitating relaxation. The primary active compounds in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), interact with the endocannabinoid system, which plays a modulatory role in various physiological processes, including those governed by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Research indicates that cannabinoids can influence heart rate variability and induce relaxation, both of which are associated with increased parasympathetic activity. Some studies have shown that CBD, in particular, may reduce anxiety and promote calmness, effects typically attributed to parasympathetic activation. For example, a review published in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018) discusses CBD’s anxiolytic effects and its potential to shift autonomic balance toward parasympathetic dominance.

However, the evidence is not unequivocal. THC can cause both sympathetic and parasympathetic effects depending on dose, route of administration, and individual variability. Some users report increased anxiety or tachycardia (sympathetic effects), especially at higher doses. Thus, while there is scientific rationale and some supporting evidence for cannabis, especially CBD, in enhancing parasympathetic activity, the strength of evidence is moderate and context-dependent. More rigorous clinical trials are needed to clarify optimal use and mechanisms.

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