Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, has a well-established role in supporting nerve health, particularly in the context of deficiency-related neuropathy. Thiamine is an essential cofactor for several enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including those critical for neuronal energy production. Deficiency of thiamine leads to impaired glucose metabolism in nerve cells, resulting in the development of nerve damage, classically seen in conditions such as beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Clinical studies and longstanding medical practice have demonstrated that supplementation with thiamine can prevent and, to some extent, reverse neuropathic symptoms in individuals with thiamine deficiency. Research also supports the use of benfotiamine, a lipid-soluble derivative of thiamine, in diabetic neuropathy. Several randomized controlled trials have shown that benfotiamine supplementation can reduce symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy, such as pain and paresthesia, likely by improving nerve conduction and reducing oxidative stress. However, the benefit of thiamine supplementation in neuropathies not related to deficiency (for example, in people with adequate thiamine status) is less clear and not widely supported by evidence. In summary, there is strong scientific validation for the use of vitamin B1 in treating and preventing nerve damage due to thiamine deficiency, and moderate evidence for its role in certain types of diabetic neuropathy. Its use outside these scenarios is not robustly supported.

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