Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Methylxanthines, a class of compounds that includes caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, have been studied for their effects on skeletal muscle tone and contractility. The most relevant member in this context is theophylline, which has been used medically as a bronchodilator and, less commonly, to stimulate the central nervous system and respiratory drive in certain populations (such as premature infants with apnea of prematurity). The evidence for methylxanthines enhancing muscle tone primarily comes from their pharmacological action as phosphodiesterase inhibitors and adenosine receptor antagonists. These actions increase intracellular cyclic AMP, leading to increased neurotransmitter release and enhanced muscle contractility. There is some scientific literature suggesting mild benefits in neuromuscular conditions, particularly in experimental or niche clinical settings, such as improving diaphragmatic contractility in respiratory insufficiency or in rare cases of neuromuscular disorders. However, the clinical use of methylxanthines for generalized hypotonia ("lack of muscle tone") is not well established, and robust, high-quality clinical trials are lacking. Most of the support comes from small studies, animal models, or extrapolation from their respiratory stimulant effects. In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and limited evidence supporting the use of methylxanthines to modulate muscle tone, the overall quality and quantity of evidence are low, and this is not a standard or widely recommended therapy for lack of muscle tone.

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