Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Melatonin, a hormone primarily known for its role in regulating circadian rhythms and sleep, has been investigated for its potential benefits in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The rationale for its use in MS is based on both preclinical and limited clinical evidence suggesting neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In animal models of MS (notably experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, or EAE), melatonin administration has been shown to reduce disease severity, decrease demyelination, and modulate immune responses, including reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and supporting regulatory T cell function.

Some small-scale human studies and observational data have explored melatonin levels and supplementation in MS patients. For instance, lower endogenous melatonin levels have been linked to increased disease activity in some MS cohorts, and preliminary trials have suggested that melatonin might improve sleep quality and fatigue in MS patients—symptoms highly prevalent in this population. However, robust clinical trials evaluating the direct impact of melatonin on MS progression, relapse rates, or long-term neurological outcomes are lacking.

Consequently, while there is a plausible biological rationale and encouraging preclinical evidence, the direct scientific validation in human MS populations is limited. Melatonin is primarily used in MS for symptomatic relief (e.g., sleep disturbances), rather than as a disease-modifying therapy. Thus, the overall evidence rating for melatonin’s use specifically to treat or support MS progression is low (2/5), pending further high-quality clinical research.

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