Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Vitamin B1 (thiamine), particularly in its active form thiamine diphosphate (also known as thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP), has a well-established scientific role in mitochondrial function. Thiamine diphosphate acts as a crucial coenzyme for several enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism, including pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. These enzymes are essential components of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and the pentose phosphate pathway, both of which occur in or are intimately linked to the mitochondria and are central to ATP (energy) production.

Deficiency of thiamine impairs mitochondrial function and energy production, most notably in tissues with high metabolic demand such as the nervous system and cardiac muscle. Clinical manifestations of thiamine deficiency, such as beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, are largely due to impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism. Supplementation with thiamine or thiamine diphosphate is scientifically validated in the treatment and prevention of these conditions.

Research supports the use of thiamine supplementation in specific mitochondrial disorders, especially those with defects affecting enzymes requiring thiamine diphosphate as a cofactor. While general supplementation in the absence of deficiency for mitochondrial "support" in healthy individuals is less studied, the critical biochemical role of thiamine in mitochondrial energy metabolism is widely recognized in scientific literature (see: Lonsdale, D. (2006). "A Review of the Biochemistry, Metabolism and Clinical Benefits of Thiamin(e) and Its Derivatives." eCAM; Butterworth, R. F. (2003). "Thiamine deficiency and brain disorders." Nutr Res Rev).

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