Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Vitamin B refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins collectively known as the B-complex vitamins, including B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin). These vitamins play essential roles in cellular energy metabolism, particularly within the mitochondria—the "powerhouses" of cells. Several B vitamins act as coenzymes or precursors for coenzymes in the mitochondrial pathways that generate ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell. For example, niacin (B3) is a precursor for NAD⁺ and NADP⁺, riboflavin (B2) is required for FAD and FMN, and pantothenic acid (B5) is a component of coenzyme A. Deficiencies in these vitamins can impair mitochondrial function, leading to reduced cellular energy production and various clinical symptoms. Multiple studies have demonstrated the necessity of B vitamins for optimal mitochondrial function, especially in tissues with high energy demands, such as muscle and nervous tissue. While supplementation beyond recommended dietary allowances does not consistently show benefit in healthy individuals, there is strong scientific consensus that adequate B vitamin intake is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial health and energy metabolism. Therefore, the use of vitamin B to support mitochondrial function is supported by robust biochemical and clinical evidence.

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