Evidence supporting the use of: Manganese
For the body system: Mitochondria

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that plays important roles in the body, including acting as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in metabolism. In relation to the mitochondria, manganese is best known as a component of the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2), which is located in the mitochondrial matrix. MnSOD is a critical antioxidant enzyme that protects mitochondria from oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of superoxide radicals (a byproduct of mitochondrial respiration) into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. This function is vital for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function.

There is scientific validation for the role of manganese in mitochondrial antioxidant defense, primarily from cellular, animal, and some human studies showing that manganese deficiency impairs mitochondrial function and increases oxidative stress. However, overt deficiency in humans is rare, and there is limited evidence that manganese supplementation (beyond normal dietary intake) provides direct benefit for mitochondrial health in the general population. Most research focuses on the biochemical necessity of manganese for mitochondrial enzymes rather than on clinical outcomes from supplementation.

In summary, manganese is scientifically established as essential for mitochondrial antioxidant defense, but evidence supporting supplementation for mitochondrial support in the absence of deficiency is limited. Thus, the evidence rating is 2/5.

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