Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), also known as riboflavin-5’-phosphate, is a derivative of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and serves as a crucial coenzyme in mitochondrial energy metabolism. FMN is an essential component of complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where it facilitates electron transfer from NADH to the chain, ultimately contributing to ATP production. Scientific studies have demonstrated that FMN, by virtue of its role as a coenzyme, is central to efficient mitochondrial function and energy production. Deficiency in riboflavin, and by extension FMN, leads to impaired mitochondrial activity and reduced cellular energy, which can manifest clinically as fatigue, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, neurological symptoms.

Supplementation with riboflavin has been shown to improve mitochondrial function in specific metabolic disorders and in cases of deficiency. While direct supplementation with FMN is less common than riboflavin itself, the body rapidly converts riboflavin to FMN and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) for use in mitochondrial enzymes. Animal and human studies support the importance of adequate flavin levels for mitochondrial health. Thus, the scientific rationale for using FMN (or its precursor riboflavin) to support the mitochondrial system is well-established, though most clinical interventions use riboflavin rather than FMN directly.

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