Catechins, a class of polyphenolic compounds most abundant in green tea, have been studied for their effects on mitochondrial function. Scientific research indicates that catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can influence mitochondrial health in several ways. In vitro and animal studies suggest catechins enhance mitochondrial biogenesis via activation of pathways such as AMPK and PGC-1α, which are central to energy metabolism and the creation of new mitochondria. Additionally, catechins possess potent antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce oxidative stress, which is a major factor in mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular aging.

Some studies report that catechins may improve mitochondrial respiration efficiency and protect mitochondrial DNA from damage. There is also evidence suggesting a protective effect of catechins against mitochondrial-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, though most of this evidence comes from preclinical models. Human clinical trials are limited, and while some have shown beneficial effects of green tea extracts on markers of oxidative stress and metabolic health, direct evidence for enhanced mitochondrial function in humans remains less robust.

In summary, there is a moderate level of scientific evidence, mostly from cell and animal studies, supporting the use of catechins for mitochondrial health, with limited but promising human data.