Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), also known as riboflavin-5'-phosphate, is closely related to riboflavin (vitamin B2). In the context of migraine prevention, it is riboflavin that has been studied in clinical trials, not FMN specifically. Riboflavin supplementation at high doses (typically 400 mg/day) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing migraine frequency and severity, especially in adults. The proposed mechanism involves improving mitochondrial energy metabolism, as some migraineurs may have mitochondrial dysfunction. FMN is a biologically active derivative of riboflavin and serves as a coenzyme in various oxidation-reduction reactions in the body. While FMN itself is not commonly used in clinical studies for migraine, it is sometimes included in supplements marketed for migraine support based on its relationship to riboflavin. Scientific evidence supporting riboflavin for migraine prevention is moderate. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, such as those published in Neurology (1998) and Headache (2017), indicate a benefit, particularly in adult populations. The American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society consider riboflavin “probably effective” for migraine prevention. However, the direct evidence for FMN is lacking, and its use is justified by extrapolation from riboflavin studies rather than direct clinical validation.

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