Phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), are often included in supplements aimed at supporting memory and brain function. The rationale for their use is based on their role as major structural components of neuronal cell membranes, where they are involved in cell signaling and synaptic function. Of these, phosphatidylserine is the most studied. Some clinical trials have shown modest improvements in memory, cognition, and behavior in elderly individuals with cognitive decline when supplemented with PS, particularly when derived from soy. The evidence for phosphatidylcholine is less robust, with mixed results from studies on cognitive outcomes.

However, the overall scientific support remains limited. The observed effects are generally small, and not all studies have found significant benefits. Many trials have methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes or short durations. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that while there is some evidence of benefit, it is not strong or consistent enough to support widespread use, and larger, high-quality studies are needed. Therefore, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary evidence supporting the use of certain phospholipids for memory and brain function, the quality and quantity of evidence only moderately supports their efficacy.