Boswellic acids, which are active compounds found in the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree (also known as frankincense), have a long history of traditional use in Ayurvedic and folk medicine for inflammatory conditions. Their proposed mechanism involves the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes, which are mediators of inflammation. This anti-inflammatory effect has prompted interest in their use for autoimmune diseases such as lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE). However, the evidence supporting Boswellic acids specifically for lupus is extremely limited. Most available studies and clinical trials have evaluated Boswellic acids for conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease, but not lupus directly.

There are no high-quality randomized controlled trials or systematic reviews that demonstrate the efficacy or safety of Boswellic acids for lupus. Laboratory and animal studies have shown general anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, but these findings have not been translated into clinical lupus research. The use of Boswellic acids for lupus in practice is therefore based primarily on traditional use and extrapolation from other inflammatory conditions, rather than robust scientific validation. At present, the evidence base does not justify their use as a primary or adjunct therapy for lupus, and anyone considering such supplements should consult with their healthcare provider.