Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Oligosaccharides, particularly prebiotic types such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), have been studied for their potential benefits in Inflammatory Bowel Disorders (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Scientific interest is based on their ability to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, which in turn can modulate immune responses and enhance gut barrier function. Several small clinical trials and animal studies suggest that oligosaccharides may help reduce inflammation in IBD by altering the composition of gut microbiota, increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (notably butyrate), and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the clinical evidence remains limited and somewhat inconsistent; some studies show modest improvements in disease activity or some inflammatory markers, while others show minimal or no benefit. Most trials are small, short-term, or use different types or dosages of oligosaccharides, making comparisons difficult. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses typically conclude that while prebiotics like oligosaccharides are safe and promising as adjunct therapies, more robust, large-scale clinical trials are needed to firmly establish efficacy in IBD management.

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