Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Adsorbents, such as activated charcoal and certain types of zeolite or silica, are used in oral care products to help manage halitosis (bad breath). The scientific rationale is that adsorbents can bind volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs)—the main contributors to oral malodor—thereby reducing their presence in the oral cavity. Several studies have examined the effectiveness of activated charcoal and similar adsorbents in mitigating bad breath. For instance, a few clinical trials have demonstrated that mouthwashes or toothpastes containing activated charcoal or other adsorbent materials can decrease VSC levels and temporarily improve breath odor. The mechanism involves the physical adsorption of odor-causing molecules rather than chemical neutralization or antimicrobial action. However, the overall quality and size of these studies are limited, and most report only short-term benefits. Systematic reviews suggest that while adsorbents can provide a modest reduction in halitosis, their effects may not be as pronounced or long-lasting as those of other agents like chlorhexidine or zinc salts. Furthermore, there is little evidence to support any benefit from ingesting adsorbents for halitosis; their efficacy is limited to topical/oral applications. In summary, the use of adsorbents for halitosis has a scientific basis with moderate-quality evidence supporting their short-term effectiveness, though more robust clinical studies are needed to confirm long-term benefits and optimal formulations.

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