Evidence supporting the use of: Polyunsaturated fatty acid
For the body system: Eyes

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have substantial scientific evidence supporting their role in eye health. DHA, in particular, is a major structural component of the retina. Clinical and observational studies suggest that adequate intake of omega-3 PUFAs is associated with a reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and dry eye syndrome. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), a large randomized controlled trial, found that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids did not further reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD when added to the original AREDS formulation, but epidemiological studies continue to indicate a protective association. Furthermore, omega-3 supplementation has been shown in several randomized controlled trials to improve symptoms of dry eye disease, likely due to anti-inflammatory effects and improved tear production. The mechanism is thought to involve the incorporation of DHA into retinal cell membranes, influencing cell signaling and reducing inflammation. While not all studies are uniformly positive, and some meta-analyses highlight modest benefits, the overall body of evidence supports the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3s, in maintaining retinal health and alleviating certain eye conditions.

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