Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Oxygen therapy, specifically in the form of supplemental oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), has been explored as a potential adjunct treatment for diabetic retinopathy. The rationale for its use is based on the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy, which is characterized by retinal ischemia and hypoxia due to microvascular damage. Some preclinical studies and small clinical trials have investigated whether increasing tissue oxygenation can reduce the progression of retinal neovascularization and edema, hallmark features of advanced diabetic retinopathy. Early animal studies suggested that supplemental oxygen could suppress the hypoxia-inducible factors driving neovascularization. Some small human studies have reported that nocturnal oxygen supplementation may reduce macular edema in select patients. However, the clinical evidence remains limited and inconsistent. Large randomized controlled trials are lacking, and concerns exist about the potential for oxygen toxicity or worsening of other complications. Current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine oxygen therapy for diabetic retinopathy, and its use is generally reserved for research settings or specific clinical circumstances. In summary, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary evidence for the use of oxygen in treating diabetic retinopathy, the evidence is weak (rated 2/5), and it is not considered a standard or widely accepted treatment.

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