Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils, especially clove oil, and is notable for being a dietary cannabinoid that selectively binds to the CB2 receptor. There is emerging scientific interest in its potential for mood disorders, including depression. Preclinical studies on rodents have demonstrated that caryophyllene may exert antidepressant-like effects. For instance, animal studies indicate that caryophyllene administration can reduce immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests—common models for assessing antidepressant activity. These effects are believed to be mediated through CB2 receptor activation, which can modulate neuroinflammatory processes and neuroplasticity, both implicated in depression.

However, it is important to note that there have been no large-scale human clinical trials specifically assessing caryophyllene for depression. The available evidence is limited to laboratory and animal models, and while the mechanisms appear promising—particularly in the context of inflammation and endocannabinoid signaling—clinical efficacy and safety in humans remain unproven. Thus, while there is scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence supporting caryophyllene's potential role in managing depressive symptoms, the current level of evidence is low, warranting further research before it can be recommended for routine use in depression treatment.

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