Evidence supporting the use of: Licorice (various)
For the body system: Cortisol

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has a long history of traditional use in various cultures, but there is also scientific evidence supporting its influence on the cortisol system. The root contains glycyrrhizin, a compound known to inhibit the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). This enzyme normally converts active cortisol into inactive cortisone in the kidneys. By inhibiting 11β-HSD2, licorice increases circulating levels of active cortisol, effectively prolonging its half-life in the body. This mechanism has been documented in several clinical and preclinical studies, where licorice ingestion led to elevated cortisol effects and, in some cases, symptoms resembling mild hypercortisolism (e.g., hypertension, fluid retention).

While this effect is well-established pharmacologically, clinical use of licorice for "adrenal support" or to modulate cortisol in cases of adrenal insufficiency is more controversial. Some integrative practitioners use licorice to help maintain energy in people with adrenal fatigue, but this is not a formally recognized medical condition. The primary clinical relevance is in its potential to increase cortisol activity, which can be helpful in short-term applications under medical supervision, but chronic use poses risks such as hypertension and hypokalemia. Overall, licorice's influence on cortisol is scientifically validated, but the evidence for therapeutic benefit is moderate and must be weighed against potential side effects.

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