Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Isothiocyanates are a group of phytochemicals found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. Their use in supporting or treating colitis is primarily justified by preclinical scientific research rather than established clinical practice or tradition. Experimental studies, mostly in animal models, have shown that certain isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties may help suppress the inflammatory pathways involved in colitis, particularly by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the colon. Some studies have also demonstrated that isothiocyanates can modulate the gut microbiota, further contributing to their potential protective effects against colitis. However, despite promising results in vitro and in animal models, there is a lack of robust clinical evidence in humans. Only a few small-scale or pilot studies have investigated the effects of isothiocyanate-rich foods in people with inflammatory bowel diseases, and these do not provide conclusive evidence for efficacy. Therefore, while scientific research supports the plausibility of isothiocyanates as beneficial agents in colitis, the current evidence base is not strong, and more human clinical trials are needed to establish their therapeutic role. As such, the evidence rating is modest, reflecting promising but preliminary findings.

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