Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Sodium nitrate is used in medicine primarily for its ability to act as a source of nitrate, which the body can convert into nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is a well-established vasodilator, meaning it relaxes blood vessels and improves blood flow. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary nitrate supplementation (often as sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate) can improve vascular function, enhance blood flow, and lower blood pressure in both healthy individuals and those with certain cardiovascular conditions. The evidence is particularly strong in the context of acute and short-term supplementation, where improved endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness have been observed. The mechanism involves the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and then to nitric oxide, especially under conditions of low oxygen, which is relevant in tissues with poor circulation.

However, most clinical trials use either beetroot juice (which is high in nitrates) or sodium/potassium nitrate salts. While the evidence base is robust for nitrate as a class, sodium nitrate specifically has been less studied than potassium nitrate due to concerns about sodium intake and hypertension. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is the same. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses support the use of inorganic nitrate supplementation for improving vascular health and circulation, though long-term safety and efficacy data are limited. Thus, while sodium nitrate has a scientific basis for use in supporting circulation, its use should be balanced against potential risks associated with increased sodium intake.

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