Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Polysaccharides, especially those derived from medicinal mushrooms like Lentinula edodes (shiitake, containing lentinan), Ganoderma lucidum (reishi), and Coriolus versicolor (turkey tail, containing polysaccharide-K or PSK), have been investigated for their potential to support patients undergoing chemotherapy, primarily by reducing side effects and enhancing immune function. Several clinical studies, particularly from East Asia, have suggested that these mushroom-derived polysaccharides may improve quality of life, reduce chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and alleviate side effects such as fatigue, nausea, and susceptibility to infection. For example, PSK has been widely used in Japan as an adjunct therapy in cancer treatment, where it is approved for clinical use and has demonstrated modest improvements in survival and symptom management in certain cancers (e.g., gastric and colorectal cancer). The mechanisms are believed to involve immunomodulation, such as stimulating natural killer cells and cytokine production, rather than direct anti-tumor effects. However, the quality of evidence varies, with some studies being small or lacking rigorous controls, and not all polysaccharides have demonstrated consistent benefit. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate a trend toward benefit, but call for more high-quality randomized controlled trials. Overall, there is moderate scientific support for the use of certain polysaccharides as supportive agents in chemotherapy, but more robust evidence is needed.

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