Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are bioactive lipid compounds derived from omega-3 fatty acids. Their primary role is to orchestrate the resolution of inflammation and promote tissue repair. In the context of cancer treatment, SPMs are currently being explored for their potential to reduce treatment-related side effects, such as chemotherapy-induced mucositis, neuropathy, and general inflammation, which can significantly affect patient quality of life and treatment adherence.

Preclinical studies, mainly in animal models, have shown that SPMs can accelerate the resolution of inflammation and promote tissue healing after chemotherapy or radiation-induced injury. For example, SPMs have demonstrated the ability to reduce oral mucositis, decrease neuropathic pain, and enhance recovery of damaged tissues in rodents. These effects are especially promising because SPMs do not merely suppress inflammation, but actively resolve it without compromising host defense mechanisms.

However, clinical evidence in humans remains limited. A few early-phase clinical trials and case reports have begun to investigate SPM supplementation in cancer patients, with some indicating improvements in inflammatory biomarkers and symptoms. Despite these promising findings, large-scale, randomized controlled trials are still lacking, and SPMs are not yet part of standard supportive care protocols in oncology. Therefore, while there is a growing scientific rationale for SPM use to mitigate cancer treatment side effects, the level of evidence supporting their routine clinical use is still considered preliminary (rated 2/5).

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